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    化肥有机肥配施对河套灌区土壤盐分及玉米水肥利用的影响

    Effects of Combined Application of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Salinity and Corn Water and Fertilizer Utilization in Hetao Irrigation District

    • 摘要: 为探明化肥有机肥配施(有机肥氮分别替代0、25%、50%、75%及100%的化肥氮)对河套灌区耕层土壤(0~40cm)盐分迁移及玉米水肥利用的影响,于2017~2020年在河套灌区典型中度盐碱地进行了为期3a的田间定位施肥试验,旨在为制定盐渍化灌区可持续发展的环境保护性施肥措施提供理论依据.结果表明:化肥有机肥连续配施3a后明显促进了耕层土壤脱盐,抑制了土壤返盐,显著降低了土壤中的SO42-含量.随着有机肥替代比例提高,Na+与Cl-含量逐渐增加,SO42-含量逐渐降低,控盐效果不断提升;随着生育期的推进,控盐效果持续下降.有机肥施用比例越大稳产性越优,而玉米产量及水肥利用能力则随有机肥替代比例上升均呈现出"先升后降"的抛物线规律.综合考虑,25%的有机肥替代率最佳,配施3a可以减少4.73%的耕层土壤含盐量,增加15.38%的产量,提升14.03%的水分利用效率,提高15.52%的肥料偏生产力;50%有机肥替代率次之,配施3a可以减少6.31%耕层土壤含盐量,增加11.71%的产量,提升9.35%的水分利用效率,提高11.64%的肥料偏生产力.而过高的有机肥配施比例(≥75%)虽能进一步提高土壤的控盐效果及产量稳定性,但会显著降低玉米产量,且不利于玉米对水肥的利用.

       

      Abstract: In order to find out the effect of combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers (respectively replacing 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic fertilizer nitrogen) on the migration of salt and the utilization of water and fertilizer for corn in the plough layer (0~40cm) of Hetao Irrigation Area, a three-year field positioning fertilization experiment was carried out in the typical moderately saline-alkali land of Hetao Irrigation Area from 2017 to 2020, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for formulating environmentally friendly fertilization measures for the sustainable development of saline irrigation area.The results showed that the continuous application of chemical and organic fertilizers for three years significantly promoted the desalination of the plough layer, inhibited the return of soil salt, and significantly reduced the SO42- content in the soil.With the increase of the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer, the content of Na+ and Cl- gradually increased, the content of SO42- gradually decreased, and the effect of salt control continued to improve;With the advancement of the growth period, the effect of salt control continued to decline.The higher the proportion of organic fertilizer application, the better the stable yield, while the corn yield and water and fertilizer utilization capacity showed a parabolic law of "first increase and then decrease" with the increase of the organic fertilizer replacement ratio.Comprehensive consideration, 25% of the organic fertilizer replacement rate is the best, and the combination of three years can reduce 4.73% of the soil salinity in the plough layer, increase the yield by 15.38%, improve the water use efficiency by 14.03%, and increase the partial productivity of fertilizers by 15.52%;The replacement rate of 50% organic fertilizer is second, and the combined application of three years can reduce the soil salinity of the plough layer by 6.31%, increase the yield by 11.71%, improve the water use efficiency by 9.35%, and improve the partial productivity of fertilizer by 11.64%.The excessively high organic fertilizer application ratio (≥ 75%) can further improve the soil salt control effect and yield stability, but it will significantly reduce the yield of corn, and it is not conducive to the utilization of water and fertilizer by corn.

       

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