Abstract: Ancient timber covered bridges are vulnerable to fire hazards due to their structural characteristics and surrounding environments.This study aims to evaluate the fire hazard-formative environment sensitivity of timber covered bridges in Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces,China.Based on regional disaster system theory,a dual-dimensional index system was developed,incorporating six indicators:Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),Slope Index (SI),Fire Weather Index (FWI),Building Fire Index (BFI),Population Density (PD),and Road Network Density (RND).Multi-source data,including satellite imagery,meteorological datasets,UAV photogrammetry,and GIS analysis,were used to quantify these indicators.A combined CRITIC-Entropy method was applied to determine dynamic weights,considering both indicator variability and information entropy.Sensitivity scores were computed for dry and wet seasons and applied to 23 ancient bridges.Results show significant seasonal and spatial variations:dry-season risk levels are higher due to reduced humidity and rainfall;bridges in urbanized zones with dense buildings and intense human activity exhibit higher sensitivity scores,while those in rural or natural areas present lower risk levels.The proposed model provides a quantitative,data-driven approach to identifying high-risk zones and supports dynamic risk assessment and preventive fire management.It contributes to shifting fire protection of cultural heritage from passive emergency response to proactive mitigation.