Abstract: The timber lounge bridges in China represent significant historical and cultural heritage,yet they are increasingly threatened by frequent fire incidents with severe consequences.Currently,the relevant fire risk distribution has not been systematically assessed,hindering the graded and effective protection of timber lounge bridges.This study investigated seven timber lounge bridges in Taishun County,including Beijian Bridge,Liuzhai Bridge,Santiao Bridge,Wenxing Bridge,Wenzhong Bridge,Yongqing Bridge and Xuezhai Bridge.Based on the natural disaster risk assessment theory,a comprehensive risk index system was constructed to quantitatively assess the fire risk from four dimensions:hazard of disaster-inducing factor,sensitivity of disaster-pregnant environment,vulnerability of disaster-bearing body,and adaptability of fire management.The results indicate that human fire use and material fire resistance are the most significant contributors to fire risk.Beijian Bridge and Liuzhai Bridge are at high risk,Yongqing Bridge,Wenxing Bridge,and Xuezhai Bridge are at medium risk,and Wenzhong Bridge and Santiao Bridge are at low risk.To mitigate the fire risk,the study proposes fire prevention strategies according to the results and cultural heritage protection principles.The strategies include fire-retardant treatments,structural fire compartmentalization and water mist fire suppression systems,and have proven to be effective through comparative analysis.The study provides scientific evidence for local decision-makers to implement graded protection strategies and optimize fire prevention resources allocation for timber lounge bridges.