Abstract: Against the backdrop of global climate change and cultural heritage protection,it is of great academic value and engineering significance to carry out the research on the impact of floods on masonry arch bridges.Firstly,this study collects and analyzes the accident investigation data of masonry arch bridges,and summarizes the failure causes,mode,and influence factors of masonry arch bridges.Secondly,the current status and challenges of the existing theoretical analysis,experimental research and numerical simulation techniques are summarized in terms of water flow action,foundation scour and floating object impact.Subsequently,the flood monitoring techniques and protective measures for masonry arch bridges are summarized.Finally,the potential directions of flood protection research for masonry arch bridges are envisioned.It is found that future research and development should focus on integrating non-destructive testing,digital twinning,intelligent monitoring,and low-intervention protection techniques.