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    溃口流场管桩阵列效应的三维水动力数值模拟研究

    Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Numerical Simulation of Pipe Pile Array Effect in the Breach Flow Field

    • 摘要: 基于锚阵生根的堤防溃口抢险新技术突破了传统工法,通过在溃口流场布设锚阵实现高效阻水、快速降低近岸流速,从而实施断堤头裹护进占.阵列锚的阻水效应是决定进占效率的关键.选取典型溃口水力边界条件,将阻水锚阵概化为圆柱管桩阵列,以梅花阵、鱼群阵、矩阵3种布置方式下的溃口流场为研究对象,建立了三维水动力数学模型.选取桩型、桩阵密度、桩间距和水流强度作为主要影响因子,开展了阵列阻水效应的数值模拟研究.通过对不同阵列流场的流态、流速分布、水面比降和湍动能耗散等水力特征的对比分析,结果表明:交错布置的管桩阵内形成的大尺度涡旋和振荡波,有效增大了管桩区的局部阻力、并减缓了管桩影响区的近岸流速.其中,梅花桩阵的降速效果最为显著,右侧降低1.0~1.9m/s、左侧降低0.45~1.2m/s.溃口区水位落差较大、湍动能沿程呈增加趋势,其量值与桩阵形态有关.梅花桩阵流场内的湍动能和湍能耗散率显著高于其他2种阵型,达到无管桩时最大湍动能的13.33倍,消能作用显著.桩阵密度影响绕流涡旋强度与尾涡相互作用,是溃口近岸水流消能与降速的关键因素;当桩间距为2.7D时,效果最优.研究成果可为溃口锚阵设计与防护管桩布设提供技术参考.

       

      Abstract: A new technology for emergency rescue of embankment breaches based on anchor arrays was proposed in the paper,which is much different from traditional construction methods.By deploying anchor arrays in the flow field of the breach to block water effectively and quickly reduce the flow velocity near the breach,supplying the opportunity to make the breach head being protected and occupied.Therefore,the water blocking effect of the array anchor in the breach flow field is the key factor determining the occupancy efficiency.Typical hydraulic boundary conditions for breach were selected in the paper,and the water blocking anchor array was generalized as a cylindrical pipe pile array.Taking the flow field of breach arranged in three arrays (plum blossom,fish swarm,rectangle) as the research object,three-dimensional hydrodynamic mathematical model was established,and the hydrodynamic numerical simulation of the water blocking effect of the array was conducted by adopting pile type,area density of piles array,pile space,and flow intensity as the main impact factors.Based on analysis of hydraulic characteristics such as flow state,velocity distribution,water surface gradient,and turbulent energy dissipation in different array flow fields,it is indicated that large-scale vortices and oscillatory waves formed in the staggered arrangement of pipe pile arrays contribute to increasing local resistance in the pipe pile area and slowing down the nearshore flow velocity.The Plum Blossom pile array behaves better in decreasing the nearshore flow velocity,with a decrease of 1.0~1.9m/s on the right and 0.45~1.2m/s on the left.The fall of water surface in the breach area is large,and the turbulent energy would increase along the flow direction,and the increasing amount is related to the shape of the pile array; The turbulent energy and dissipation rate in the flow field of the plum blossom pile array are significantly bigger than the other two array types,and are 13.33 times than the maximum turbulent energy without pipe piles,which indicates the significant energy dissipation effect.The area density of piles array would affect the strength of the vortex and the interaction between the wake vortexes,and plays an important role in energy dissipation and velocity reduction of the flow near the breach,which performs optimally as the pile spacing distance is 2.7D.The research results might benefit for the design of breach anchor arrays and the deployment of protective pipe piles.

       

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